an emulsion with water fraction of 0.1 and produced at 14000 rpm. Moreover, for a given water fraction, the reduction in drag of stable water-in-oil emulsions was found to be more pronounced in smaller pipe diameter due to the shear thinning effect and became significant at higher values of water fraction and Re. of water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions composed of water and a Brazilian heavy crude oil. In one case, a decrease of water volume fraction from 0.7 to 0.6 resulted in a 60 to 75% drag reduction, depending on the Reynolds number (Re). Furthermore, a significant reduction in emulsion viscosity and pressure drop with decreasing water fraction was observed. In addition, as water fraction increased emulsion stability increased. The results demonstrated a shear thinning behavior for the emulsions being investigated. Emulsion physical properties such as stability, type, and rheology measurements were correlated to pressure drop measurements in a flow loop consisting of 1-in and 0.5-in horizontal pipe diameters at constant (ambient) emulsion temperature. emulsions with temperature and volume fractions volume fraction of dispersed phase (V): (Ronningsen, 1995). This study experimentally investigates the role of dispersed phase (water) fraction on frictional drag in different pipe diameters.įlow loop experiments were conducted to study the effect of water fraction on the flow characteristics of surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil emulsions. Emulsion stability as a function of oil volume fraction (w o ) for corn, olive, soybean and sunflower oils using BSA concentrations of: (a) 0.10 (b) 0.50 and (c) 1.00 mg/ml. 204-209, 2014.High friction losses while pumping emulsified acid in a carbonate stimulation treatment limit the injection rate, which can negatively impact operational efficiency consequently, reducing friction is highly desirable. Among the different potential uses, emulsion gels (mainly the oil-in-water ones) have been finding relevant importance in pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications for topical delivery because they possess the main advantage of both emulsions (ability to penetrate the skin, control of rheological properties, appearance and degree of greasiness. The authors are with the Chemical Engineering Program, Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pahang, Malaysia (e-mail: Mohammed Abd, Abdurhman Hamid Nour, and Ahmad Ziad Sulaiman, "Kinetic Stability and Rheology of Water-in-Crude Oil Emulsion Stabilized by Cocamide at Different Water Volume Fractions," International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications vol. Index Terms-W/O emulsion, cocamide surfactant, stability, rheology properties. In addition, the stabilized emulsion showed a non-Newtonian shear thinning “pseudo-plastic” behavior. Results showed that higher concentration of Cocamide DEA and lower water volume fraction of 20% were effective in stabilizing the w/o emulsion at room temperature. A wide range of temperatures (from 30 to 90) ᵒC, and shear rate (from 17 to 85) 1/s were covered. The dynamic viscosity was determined by Brokfeild Rotational Digital Viscometer. Rheology studies were performed to demonstrate the effect of apparent dynamic viscosity on the emulsion stability. The stability of the emulsion was investigated using (0.2, 0.5, 1, and 1.5) vol.% of Cocamide DEA at different water volume fractions (50, and 20)%. % were Physio-chemically characterized, and fractionated by the SARA method of analysis. Two types of Malaysian crude oil namely heavy crude oil, and light-heavy blended crude oil (40-60) vol. The present study aims to investigate the stability and the rheology of the crude oil emulsion stabilized by Cocamide DEA. To enhance and control these processes, it is necessary to understand the emulsion mechanisms. Abstract-The formation of water-in-crude oil encountered in many stages such drilling, transporting, and processing of crude oil.
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